tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5340393622415521132024-03-05T23:55:26.461+05:30Infinite SoluzioniInfinite Solutions . Management . Business . Administration . Notes . Assignment . WorkbookAbhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16471967739123332387noreply@blogger.comBlogger113125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-19713973004309793512012-10-04T16:11:00.003+05:302017-04-24T09:23:44.803+05:30Case Study: Bhopal Gas Tragedy - Communication Failures #2<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Rachel Ruddy, a fifty year old mid-manager at the City Bank of New Rochelle, has been considering for quite some time having some extensive dental work. Although she made a point of having yearly checkups and cavities filled, she felt her appearance was affected by a badly discolored incisor, misaligned teeth and noticeable fillings. In the growing awareness of the self image and its relationship to job mobility, she decided to invest in having her teeth crowned.
<br />
<br />
She enlisted the professional services of her regular dentist, Dr Luke, who also happened to be a casual social acquaintance with whom she shared some friends and interests in common. Her first step was to ask Dr Luke about possible improvements. He explained that he would initially take an impression and then discuss a total diagnostic package. The cost of her phase would be $75, a charge to be subtracted later if she chose to have the work done.
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After completing the impression, Dr Luke, explained the total procedure to Rachel at a professional appointment. She was so shocked at the initial figure ($4900 for the work that she assumed would cost half the amount) that she asked a few questions at that session, hesitant to pay so much just to improve her appearance.
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<br />
Later upon reflecting upon the importance of her job and her desire never to have dentures, she returned to another appointment to clarify her understanding of the process and charges. Most of her questions dealt with the process itself.
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<br />
From this appointment she understood that the charge included five years of maintenance. In fact, Dr. Luke mentioned that at one time he offered ten years, but found that figure unrealistic. He stressed that the decision to have this work done was the patient's. But he did mention that saving one's teeth and avoiding later problems with the temporomandibular joint were investments. And of course, if one compared the cost of that to a new car, it did not seem exorbitant.
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<br />
Rachel had the work done, but she found that the diagnostic fee was not subtracted from her bill. The doctor's billing secretary maintained that Rachel misunderstood the initial figure and the doctor had already subtracted the fee. Rachel did not believe that he had done so, but decided that it was not worth making an issue of $75.
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A year later, however Rachel was billed $20 after a regular appointment with doctor's regular hygienists. When she protested this charge, she was told that she had misunderstood. The package was for one year maintenance, but certainly a reasonable person would not expect to have 'free' dental care for five years. The five year period was for replacement of crowns that may not have adapted to the mouth.
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Rachel had no intention of going to court or changing dentists. She was fairly satisfied with the work, but not with the colouring of one tooth. Luke had told her not to worry as within a year the shading would conform through natural staining. He had been right with other predictions about the teeth, but she was uncomfortable thinking that if she waited too long she might be charged for any changes and new crowns.
<br />
<h2>
Questions
</h2>
<b>1. Who was at fault—the dentist for not putting his diagnosis in writing or the patient for not fully understanding the services?
</b><br />
<br />
Here the dentist was at fault, since he didn’t put his diagnosis in writing. Though the patient tried a lot to understand and she was satisfied also by dentist dialogue but there were so many people associated with this and almost all of them were giving different statements. That made the patient more and more confused.
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<b>2. How could some of these misunderstandings have been avoided?
</b><br />
<br />
By providing a solid written document, that consist of the service policies in details could have avoided these misunderstandings.
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<b>3. What services should have been communicated orally and what ones in writing?
</b><br />
<br />
The services that should have been communicated in written are:<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Diagnosis fee</li>
<li>Maintenance fee</li>
<li>Visiting fee</li>
<li>Visiting sessions date & time</li>
<li>Diagnosis brief</li>
<li>Package in details</li>
<li>Duration of diagnosis</li>
<li>Maintenance period</li>
</ul>
<br />
The services that should have been communicated in orally are:<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Diagnosis in detail</li>
<li>Package in brief</li>
<li>Fee estimation</li>
<li>Pros & cons of diagnosis</li>
<li>Suggestions</li>
<li>Socializing statements</li>
</ul>
</div>
Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-80321421342841412122012-10-04T16:06:00.003+05:302017-04-24T09:25:50.102+05:30Case Study: Bhopal Gas Tragedy - Communication Failures #1<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
On 3 December 1984, a runaway reaction had occurred in a storage tank of methylisocyanate (MIC), which was used to manufacture a pesticide. The valves of the tank had burst, and a cloud of poisonous gas had escaped. The winds carried it to nearby shanty towns and the populous city of Bhopal, where thousands of people either died in their sleep or woke and died while fleeing. Those who survived suffered from burning eyes and lungs. Local medical facilities were not equipped for the disaster, and over the next few weeks thousands more died.
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Due to production problems, the plant was under a great deal of pressure to cut costs. A number of shortcuts had thus been taken with such items as crew training, staffing patterns and maintenance schedules. The original procedure called for upto two years of training for employees in critical superintendent capacities, but the plant operators had received about a month long training, using classroom materials developed in the US and printed in English.
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Perhaps most importantly at the time of the tragedy, the staff did not realize the gravity of the situation and even took a break for tea after the leak had been noticed, thinking they would have plenty of time to fix it. The operator in the control room did not notify his supervisor when the temperature began to rise inside the tank and the entire situation remained unattended for at least an hour.
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Mr. Warren Anderson sitting in the US, as CEO of Union Carbide, needed to know exactly what had happened in Bhopal. He knew that he would have to explain the tragic accident to the employees, to the government officials in both the United States and India, to the courts, and to the people. Yet, he could not get answers to his own preliminary and personal questions. When telephone contact failed to yield answers, he got on a plane and flew to India, where he was immediately placed under house arrest - unable to attend to the very business that had brought him there. His plant managers had also been arrested and were not allowed to talk to anyone.
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Questions</h2>
<b>1. Discuss the levels where the communication systems failed resulting in the tragedy.</b>
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The staff were provided the crash-course training and made to work. Even though they are too immature to handle the responsibilities, they’d got that. This results in the lack of seriousness of the situation in employees. Due to which, employees neither taken care of the rise in temperature nor informed his supervisor. The CEO of the company was in U.S., and did not have any idea of the gravity of situation. After his arrival also police made him unavailable to talk to his company’s employees. Here, communication was failed from the basic level to the top level.
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<b>2. Prepare a bullet presentation of the incident.</b>
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<br />
A bullet presentation is given below:
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>On 3 December 1984, a reaction occurred in methylisocyanate, used in pesticide.
Tank valves burst-ed.</li>
<li>Poisonous gas escaped.</li>
<li>The winds carried it to nearby towns and city.</li>
<li>Thousands of people either died in their sleep or woke and died while fleeing.</li>
<li>Those who survived suffered from burning eyes and lungs.</li>
<li>Since local medical facilities were not equipped for the disaster, so over the next few weeks thousands more died.</li>
</ul>
</div>
Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-74312497528515806462012-10-04T15:57:00.002+05:302012-10-04T16:00:21.063+05:30What are the types of reports? Explain the essentials of a good business report.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
The types of reports:<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>laboratory reports</li>
<li>health and safety reports</li>
<li>research reports</li>
<li>case study reports</li>
<li>field study reports</li>
<li>cost-benefit analysis reports</li>
<li>proposals</li>
<li>comparative advantage reports</li>
<li>progress reports</li>
<li>feasibility studies</li>
<li>technical reports</li>
<li>instruction manuals</li>
<li>financial reports</li>
</ul>
<br />
The essentials of good business report:<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Preparation</li>
<li>Introduction</li>
<li>Writing the Body</li>
<li>Conclusion</li>
</ol>
</div>
Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-67228920759569746972012-10-04T15:55:00.003+05:302012-10-04T15:58:06.232+05:30How has technology revolutionized the communication process?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
These technological advances revolutionized the processes of communication. Researchers have divided how communication was transformed into three revolutionary stages:
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In the <b>1st Information Communication Revolution</b>, the first written communication began, with pictographs. These writings were made on stone, which were too heavy to transfer. During this era, written communication was not mobile, but nonetheless existed.
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In the <b>2nd Information Communication Revolution</b>, writing began to appear on paper, papyrus, clay, wax, etc. Common alphabets were introduced, allowing the uniformity of language across large distances. Much later the Gutenberg printing-press was invented. Gutenberg created this printing-press after a long period of time in the 15th century.
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In the <b>3rd Information Communication Revolution</b>, information can now be transferred via controlled waves and electronic signals.</div>
Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-45383267687780121252012-10-04T15:54:00.002+05:302012-10-04T15:58:06.224+05:30Discuss the steps involved in writing a case analysis.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
There are a number of stages in writing a case analysis. These are:<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>understanding the case</li>
<li>identifying the core problem in the case</li>
<li>analysing the issues in the context of a theoretical framework</li>
<li>exploring alternative solutions with reference to a theoretical framework</li>
<li>choosing the best solution</li>
<li>making recommendations for action.</li>
</ul>
</div>
Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-76902067800925034742012-10-04T15:53:00.002+05:302012-10-04T15:58:06.237+05:30Differentiate between office circulars, office orders and office notes. State the standard parts of a business letter.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Office circulars - ...<br />
Office orders - ...<br />
Office notes - ...<br />
<br />
The standard parts of a business letter are:<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Letterhead or typed heading</li>
<li>Date</li>
<li>Inside Address</li>
<li>Salutation</li>
<li>Body (Text)</li>
<li>Complimentary closing</li>
<li>Signature</li>
<li>Typed name</li>
</ol>
</div>
Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-71432680362852990602012-10-04T15:52:00.002+05:302012-10-04T15:58:06.235+05:30What are the reading styles you are aware of? Explain the steps involved in the reading process.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
The reading styles:<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Visual</li>
<li>Auditory</li>
<li>Tactile</li>
<li>Kinesthetic</li>
<li>Global</li>
<li>Analytic</li>
</ul>
<br />
The steps involved in the reading process:<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>pre-reading</li>
<li>reading</li>
<li>responding</li>
<li>exploring</li>
<li>analyzing</li>
</ul>
</div>
Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-67035506827112383922012-10-04T15:51:00.003+05:302012-10-04T15:58:06.230+05:30What are the characteristics of technical writing? Discuss the process of planning in technical writing.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Technical writing, a form of technical communication, is a style of formal writing used in fields as diverse as computer hardware and software, chemistry, the aerospace industry, robotics, finance, consumer electronics, and biotechnology. Technical writers explain technology and related ideas to technical and nontechnical audiences. This could mean, for example, telling a programmer how to use a software library or telling a consumer how to operate a television remote control.
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The process of planning in technical writing:<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Audience</b>: Is the audience composed of people in home kitchens or highly trained chefs in professional kitchens?</li>
<li><b>Source</b>: Is there existing documentation—a rough draft? Who is the subject matter expert (SME)?</li>
<li><b>Deliverable</b>: Is the deliverable simple text for inclusion in a book, or formatted to final form? Is the target a paper, a Web page, or something else?</li>
</ul>
</div>
Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-585431668310006912012-10-04T15:49:00.003+05:302012-10-04T15:58:06.227+05:30Discuss the types of sentences and explain the basic units of a sentence.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Sentences can also be classified based on their purpose:<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>A <i>declarative sentence</i> or <i>declaration</i>, the most common type, commonly makes a statement: <i>I am going home.</i></li>
<li>An <i>interrogative sentence</i> or <i>question </i>is commonly used to request information — <i>When are you going to work?</i> — but sometimes not; see rhetorical question.</li>
<li>An <i>exclamatory sentence</i> or <i>exclamation </i>is generally a more emphatic form of statement expressing emotion: <i>What a wonderful day this is!</i></li>
<li>An<i> imperative sentence</i> or <i>command </i>tells someone to do something: <i>Go to work at 7:30 tomorrow morning.</i></li>
</ul>
<br />
The basic units of a sentence or parts of speech:<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Nouns</b>: words that name persons, places, things, or ideas</li>
<li><b>Pronouns</b>: words that stand in for a noun</li>
<li><b>Verbs</b>: words that express action or state of being</li>
<li><b>Adjectives</b>: words that describe nouns or pronouns</li>
<li><b>Adverbs</b>: words that describe verbs</li>
<li><b>Prepositions</b>: words that connect a noun and its modifiers to another component of the sentence</li>
<li><b>Conjunctions</b>: words that join nouns, verbs, or other parts of a sentence</li>
<li><b>Interjections</b>: words that express emotion, shock, and the like.</li>
</ul>
</div>
Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-47968874939535495562012-10-04T15:45:00.002+05:302012-10-04T15:58:06.226+05:30Explain the preparation of an effective CV. Why is it important to send a cover letter with the CV?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Here are some essential rules to prepare an effective CV:<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Make sure you give your contact particulars encompassing your e-mail id, phone number and address.</li>
<li>In a CV, a job objective serves the purpose. It is a crisp and concise line at the top of the CV which states your career goal.</li>
<li>It is advisable to write a paragraph containing the summary of the entire resume.</li>
<li>The work experience section includes the name of the company, designation and its time frame.</li>
<li>Educational details with the year of completion must be mentioned accurately.
Honors and Awards section includes relevant academic recognitions to add extra zing to the CV.</li>
<li>Reference section is not obligatory. If included, it can say "<i>available upon request.</i>"</li>
</ul>
<br />
Importance of sending a cover letter with the CV:<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Some hiring managers only read the covering letter, so if there isn't one you're out;</li>
<li>The CV covering letter allows you to express your interest in a precise and targeted way;</li>
<li>Recruitment advertisers often ask for some specific information which belongs in the covering letter;</li>
<li>You will be seen as (a) lazy or (b) disinterested if you don't send a covering letter;</li>
<li>The main advantage of the cover letter is that you can match yourself to the employer's needs;</li>
<li>You can demonstrate why you are the strongest candidate as well as gently flattering the receiver.</li>
</ul>
</div>
Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-36102236931994752522012-10-04T15:43:00.002+05:302012-10-04T15:58:06.223+05:30How can the purpose of business writing be classified? What are the characteristics of effective writing?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
The purpose of business writing be classified as<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Electronic</li>
<li>Nonverbal</li>
<li>Physical Presentation</li>
<li>Verbal</li>
<li>Diversity</li>
<li>International</li>
</ul>
<br />
The characteristics of effective writing:<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Convincing</li>
<li>Comprehensible</li>
<li>Easy to read</li>
<li>Interesting throughout</li>
<li>Exhibits a clear voice</li>
<li>May impact the reader emotionally</li>
</ul>
</div>
Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-28023152095943952362012-10-04T15:42:00.002+05:302012-10-04T15:58:06.221+05:30Define negotiation and discuss the stages in the negotiation process.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Negotiation is a dialogue intended to resolve disputes, to produce an agreement upon courses of action, to bargain for individual or collective advantage, or to craft outcomes to satisfy various interests. It is the primary method of alternative dispute resolution.
<br />
<br />
The stages in the negotiation process:<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Prepare</b>: Know what you want. Understand them.</li>
<li><b>Open</b>: Put your case. Hear theirs.</li>
<li><b>Argue</b>: Support your case. Expose theirs.</li>
<li><b>Explore</b>: Seek understanding and possibility.</li>
<li><b>Signal</b>: Indicate your readiness to work together.</li>
<li><b>Package</b>: Assemble potential trades.</li>
<li><b>Close</b>: Reach final agreement.</li>
<li><b>Sustain</b>: Make sure what is agreed happens.</li>
</ol>
</div>
Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-13201156741941164172012-10-04T15:41:00.001+05:302012-10-04T15:58:06.218+05:30State the advantages of a group and explain the purpose and characteristics of group discussions.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
The advantages of group:<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Greater output</li>
<li>Cross fertilisation</li>
<li>Reduced bias</li>
<li>Increased risk taking</li>
<li>Higher commitment</li>
<li>Improved communication</li>
<li>Better solutions</li>
</ul>
<br />
As a professional in the working world, there will be times when you will be required to participate in group discussions. This section offers helpful articles analyzing the rules for success in group discussions. Your career and status within your field can improve if you learn some guidelines and tactics that refine your group discussion skills.<br />
<br />
If you have trouble speaking out of turn, interrupting others or a lack of confidence about properly expressing yourself, the techniques about handling yourself in a group discussion can be invaluable. This is helpful advice for any individual working with other people in any industry. Discussing ideas in a group is one of the best ways to solve the problem. When a person becomes a burden in group discussions due to lack of experience, an excess amount of excitement or a general lack of social skills, these factors can contribute to how you are viewed by your colleagues and superiors in the workplace.
<br />
<br />
If you are in a managerial position, it is imperative to provide an open forum for discussion where your subordinates feel comfortable sharing their ideas. If a person participating in a group discussion feels that their opinion will be ignored then the members within the group will hesitate to share what could be valuable solutions to business issues in group discussions.</div>
Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-22130016060437206152012-10-04T15:39:00.001+05:302012-10-04T15:58:06.220+05:30How is a meeting planned? Discuss the factors to be kept in mind while planning a meeting.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
A meeting can be planned by:<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>preparation</li>
<li>facilitation</li>
<li>inspiration</li>
<li>results</li>
</ol>
The factors to keep in mind while planning a meeting:<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Preparation </b>means making sure your meeting has a clear, stated purpose, and an agenda. Participants are chosen carefully, invited in professional way and given sufficient prior information. Preparation also means attention to details including: room bookings, catering, a/v equipment, reminders.</li>
<li><b>Facilitation </b>means that someone or a team is responsible for guiding the meeting, a plan for the meeting is reflected in the agenda and the facilitator (or chair) keeps things on time and on track.</li>
<li><b>Inspiration </b>is probably the most overlooked aspect of everyday meetings. All the attention to detail and process can push the opportunity for spontaneity and enthusiasm aside. Build in activites that engage participants, use strategies to generate discussion, or visual aids to grab attention.</li>
<li><b>Results </b>means that every meeting should be directed toward one or more outcomes. Participants must feel that something has been accomplished, and they must see all of their meetings as part of the bigger strategy to involve them in the future of the organization. Achievements at one meeting should be recapped in the next, and so on.</li>
</ul>
</div>
Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-85553492616686885552012-10-04T15:37:00.001+05:302012-10-04T15:58:06.238+05:30Discuss the principles of an effective presentation.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
The 5 principles of effective presentation:
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>The principle of clear structure. </b>Your communication should have a clear beginning, middle and end.</li>
<li><b>The principle of multimedia.</b> Your audience will remember better and longer if there are multiple stimuli.</li>
<li><b>The principle of two-way communication. </b>Your communication will be more effective if your audience have an opportunity to participate actively.</li>
<li><b>The principle of cultural sensitivity.</b> Remember and pay attention to the sensitivities of your audience.</li>
<li><b>The principle of memory.</b> People tend to remember the information they heard last (and forget what was said at the beginning of the talk).</li>
</ol>
</div>
Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-64652142305297820642012-10-04T15:35:00.005+05:302012-10-04T15:58:06.229+05:30Why is listening important? Discuss the levels of listening and state the factors that can make listening ineffective.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Listening, which is actually a skill. By being able to listen, we are able to effectively make sense of what another person is saying. It greatly enhances our understanding and our overall abilities in life. It can also be vital in determining such vital perks as career promotion and generally opening doors that might otherwise not open to us.
<br />
<br />
The four different types or levels are:<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Cliches.</li>
<li>Facts.</li>
<li>Thoughts and beliefs.</li>
<li>Feelings and emotions.</li>
</ol>
The factors that can make listening ineffective:<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Assuming a topic will be boring</li>
<li>Allowing the speaker's voice or mannerisms to overpower the message</li>
<li>Poor concentration</li>
<li>Poor comprehension</li>
<li>Passive listening</li>
</ul>
</div>
Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-68972500553489749232012-10-04T15:29:00.003+05:302012-10-04T15:58:06.233+05:30How is communication classified? State the advantages and disadvantages of formal communication.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Types of Communication:<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Based on Communication Channels</li>
<ul>
<li>Verbal Communication</li>
<li>Nonverbal Communication</li>
</ul>
<li>Based on Style and Purpose</li>
<ul>
<li>Formal Communication</li>
<li>Informal Communication</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<br />
Advantages:<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>It is systematic and orderly flow of ideas.</li>
<li>the source of communication can be easily located.</li>
<li>It provides support to authority of supervisor over subordinate.</li>
<li>It facilitates control.</li>
</ol>
Disadvantages:<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>It is slow moving since it flows through the scalar chain of command.</li>
<li>It is impersonal i.e. personal warmth and involvement are lacking.</li>
<li>sometimes accurate information may be with held due to likelihood of unfavourable</li>
<li>effects or to avoid criticism.</li>
</ol>
</div>
Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-13142602742409226252012-10-04T15:25:00.001+05:302012-10-04T15:25:49.306+05:30Not all employees seek self-actualization as their ultimate goal. Do you agree? Support your answer.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Two psychologists that developed this theory were Goldstein and Maslow. Goldstein first came up with the theory of self actualization. He introduced the concept that self actualization is the realization that people have for reaching their maximum potential. Maslow discussed the theory in relation to the hierarchy of needs.<br /><br />
It is true that not all employees seek self actualization. I believe that the majority of employees work for monetary purposes. I do believe that if more employees sought self actualization there would be a much greater number of happier employees resulting in better work environments.<br /><br />
Another reason why many employees are not able to achieve self actualization is because they may be limited in what they can do. They may not have the education they need to get the job they would like or education may not be an option.
</div>Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-11574173707366767992012-10-04T15:24:00.002+05:302012-10-04T15:25:49.305+05:30‘Organization is not simply a group of people at a given place.’ What do you infer from this statement?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
This statement implies that an organization cannot simply be made up of a random group of people. If that is so, then we must ask what does make an organization. The first inference I draw from this statement, then, is that an organization must have a purpose. The organization must exist to serve some purpose that is important to its members.<br />
<br />
A second thing that can be inferred from this statement is that an organization does not need to be limited to a particular physical place. An organization can be any group of people who are associated with one another for a given purpose. In other words, having a common purpose is much more important than being in a common place.
<br />
<br />
So this statement implies that organizations must have purposes and that they need not be made up of people who are in the same physical place.
</div>
Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-19298065280201481452012-10-04T15:23:00.002+05:302012-10-04T15:25:49.308+05:30Work habits are more about response to the work environment rather than personality traits. Do you agree? Support your answer.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
The personality traits and work habits are fundamental behavioural abilities that are dictated by external influences as well as background. These traits and habits in individuals are caused by differences in the ways each individual directs their thinking processes. The personality trait may also have opposing attributes or counter parts. Although every individual may have both extreme traits, they will choose one over the other or may chose to be in between. Since the traits are self-centred, judgments based on an individual or interviewee’s perception may be extremely biased and not realistic. Thus the considerations based on personality traits may pose some challenges if used in the candidate’s selection. <br />
<br />
Unfortunately, hiring processes often lack enough time and resources for effective investigation and evaluation of candidate’s personality traits and work habits. Even if that was possible, the need for knowledge and skills outweigh the personality traits and work habits especially in competitive jobs, which require well-qualified highly skilled personnel. The personality traits and work habits while important, should be given lower priority since the new work environment, the organizational work ethics and strict policies can change them altogether.
</div>
Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-83945724174125832682012-10-04T15:22:00.001+05:302012-10-04T15:25:49.320+05:30There is always a right time and a wrong time for introducing something new.’ Comment.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Timing is an essential element in most endeavours. I would think that bringing out something new in business would be highly dependent on timing, as well. There has to be a need in the marketplace to which the new element introduced can be a response. I think that this takes a level of research of market understanding and the ability to ensure that the timing is right. For example, Apple's introduction of the Ipad last week coincided with an assessment of timing. Certainly, the technology was able to develop the Ipad about two months ago, but it was chosen as last week to be the time to introduce it. Timing was vitally important in this instance, and for the most, part, there is an exact time that figures into the introduction of something new.</div>
Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-80102489396847344422012-10-04T15:21:00.005+05:302012-10-04T15:25:49.318+05:30Discuss the role of various types of changes that can have considerable impact on the organizational culture.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>Types of Organizational Change</b><br />
<br />
The major areas of changes in a company's internal environment include:<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Strategic</b>: Adjusting a company's strategy in response to demands of the external environments; may involve changing its fundamental approach to doing business: the markets it will target, the kinds of products it will sell, how they will be sold, its overall strategic orientation, the level of global activity, and its various partnerships and other joint-business arrangements. </li>
<li><b>Structural</b>: Structural changes involve the hierarchy of authority, goals, structural characteristics, administrative procedures, and management systems. </li>
<li><b>Process-oriented</b>: Process-oriented change is often related to an organization's production process or how the organization assembles products or delivers services. </li>
<li><b>People-centered</b>: This type of change alters the attitudes, behaviors, skills, or performance of employees in the company. Changing people-centered processes involves communicating, motivating, leading, and interacting within groups. Changes include: investment in training, socializing employees, changing norms to motivate a diverse workforce, monitoring promotion and reward systems, and changing top management.</li>
</ul>
</div>
Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-77327245511458381132012-10-04T15:19:00.002+05:302012-10-04T15:25:49.316+05:30The type of structure of an organization has considerable impact on the motivation and productivity of employees. Analyse this statement, citing suitable examples.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Organizational structure can make or break a business. Senior management and upward reporting must provide a strong base for employees so they are sufficiently motivated. When there are cracks in this structure, or a lack of forward thinking, businesses run the risk of losing their best employees due to lack of motivation in the company.
When a business or company has a strong, consistent organizational structure, employees feel secure in their jobs. Second on this list is safety and security. It is safe to postulate that people who have confidence in their management structure will respond positively to their organization.<br /><br />
When your business has a transparent organizational structure, you have a conduit to share corporate goals and plans with your employees. When you share these goals and align them with your employee's personal goals, you can move teams forward in a productive manner. When business goals are met, employees should be notified so they can gauge their own progress against that of the company.<br /><br />
Effective corporate organizations have clear reporting lines. This means if an employee has an idea, challenge, issue or problem, he knows exactly who to talk to. When companies do not have a strong organizational structure, opportunities and complaints can both be lost. The more accountable your employees are, the more likely they are to work toward success.
</div>Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-91206977623582619542012-10-04T15:18:00.000+05:302012-10-04T15:25:49.323+05:30Discuss the strategies that can be employed to resolve behavioural conflicts.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>Conflict management styles </b><br />
<br />
Determined by degree of concern for own outcome and for other's outcome<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li> <b>cooperative / problem solving</b></li>
<ul>
<li> win-win </li>
<li> conflict as beneficial </li>
<li> handled in an open manner / gives equal consideration to both people and results </li>
<li> open & honest communication </li>
<ul>
<li> everybody in conflict is trained in problem solving methods</li>
<li> the parties have common goals </li>
<li> conflict arises from simple misunderstanding or lack of communication </li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li> <b>forcing / competition</b></li>
<ul>
<li> win-loss</li>
<li> reaching goals more important than a concern for other people </li>
<ul>
<li> you or group needs an immediate action or decision </li>
<li> all parties in conflict expect and appreciate use of power and force </li>
<li> all parties in conflict see power relationship between them </li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li> <b>compromise </b></li>
<ul>
<li> some is better than none </li>
<li> everybody should have an equal chance to express opinions </li>
<ul>
<li> both parties will gain something </li>
<li> an ideal solution isn't needed </li>
<li> you need a temporary solution for a complex problem </li>
<li> both sides have equal power </li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li> <b>withdrawal / avoidance </b></li>
<ul>
<li> leave me out of it </li>
<li> opting to ignore the conflict, hoping it will go away </li>
<ul>
<li> issues are trivial </li>
<li> parties in conflict lack skills to reach win-win resolutions </li>
<li> potential losses in conflict outweigh any gains </li>
<li> time frame is insufficient to work through issues of conflict </li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li> <b>smoothing / accommodating</b></li>
<ul>
<li> me last </li>
<li> feels a high level of concern for the people involved </li>
<ul>
<li> issues are minor </li>
<li> damage to relationship will hurt all parties involved in conflict </li>
<li> there is a need to temporarily reduce conflict to get more information</li>
<li> tempers are too hot to progress</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-534039362241552113.post-9325736710401176292012-10-04T15:09:00.002+05:302012-10-04T15:25:49.324+05:30‘Strong culture is important for organizational success.’ Justify this statement.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
It should be said that organization culture may be different from one organization to another. Meaning to say that, some organizations will have strong cultures while the other may have weak cultures. A strong culture is when the majority of people tends to agree on the existing beliefs and values and beliefs in the organization, meaning to so that there is one dominant culture in spite the other sub cultures that exists. On the other hand a weak culture is when the majority of people disagree on the existing culture but instead forms their own sub cultures.<br />
<br />
Moreover, a strong culture is a talent-attractor, talent-retainer, engages people, creates energy and momentum, changes the view of ‘work’, and creates greater synergy.
</div>
Abhishek Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15147046055906934530noreply@blogger.com0