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Rachel Ruddy, a fifty year old mid-manager at the City Bank of New Rochelle, has been considering for quite some time having some extensive dental work. Although she made a point of having yearly checkups and cavities filled, she felt her appearance was affected by a badly discolored incisor, misaligned teeth and noticeable fillings. In the growing awareness of the self image and its relationship to job mobility, she decided to invest in having her teeth crowned. She enlisted the professional services of her regular dentist, Dr Luke, who also happened to be a casual social acquaintance with whom she shared some friends and interests in common. Her first step was to ask Dr Luke about possible improvements. He explained that he would initially take an impression and then discuss a total diagnostic package. The cost of her phase would be $75, a charge to be subtracted later if she chose to have the work done. After completing the impression, Dr Luke, explained the total procedure to ...

On 3 December 1984, a runaway reaction had occurred in a storage tank of methylisocyanate (MIC), which was used to manufacture a pesticide. The valves of the tank had burst, and a cloud of poisonous gas had escaped. The winds carried it to nearby shanty towns and the populous city of Bhopal, where thousands of people either died in their sleep or woke and died while fleeing. Those who survived suffered from burning eyes and lungs. Local medical facilities were not equipped for the disaster, and over the next few weeks thousands more died. Due to production problems, the plant was under a great deal of pressure to cut costs. A number of shortcuts had thus been taken with such items as crew training, staffing patterns and maintenance schedules. The original procedure called for upto two years of training for employees in critical superintendent capacities, but the plant operators had received about a month long training, using classroom materials developed in the US and printed in Eng...

The types of reports: laboratory reports health and safety reports research reports case study reports field study reports cost-benefit analysis reports proposals comparative advantage reports progress reports feasibility studies technical reports instruction manuals financial reports The essentials of good business report: Preparation Introduction Writing the Body Conclusion

These technological advances revolutionized the processes of communication. Researchers have divided how communication was transformed into three revolutionary stages: In the 1st Information Communication Revolution , the first written communication began, with pictographs. These writings were made on stone, which were too heavy to transfer. During this era, written communication was not mobile, but nonetheless existed. In the 2nd Information Communication Revolution , writing began to appear on paper, papyrus, clay, wax, etc. Common alphabets were introduced, allowing the uniformity of language across large distances. Much later the Gutenberg printing-press was invented. Gutenberg created this printing-press after a long period of time in the 15th century. In the 3rd Information Communication Revolution , information can now be transferred via controlled waves and electronic signals.

There are a number of stages in writing a case analysis. These are: understanding the case identifying the core problem in the case analysing the issues in the context of a theoretical framework exploring alternative solutions with reference to a theoretical framework choosing the best solution making recommendations for action.

Office circulars - ... Office orders - ... Office notes - ... The standard parts of a business letter are: Letterhead or typed heading Date Inside Address Salutation Body (Text) Complimentary closing Signature Typed name

The reading styles: Visual Auditory Tactile Kinesthetic Global Analytic The steps involved in the reading process: pre-reading reading responding exploring analyzing

Technical writing, a form of technical communication, is a style of formal writing used in fields as diverse as computer hardware and software, chemistry, the aerospace industry, robotics, finance, consumer electronics, and biotechnology. Technical writers explain technology and related ideas to technical and nontechnical audiences. This could mean, for example, telling a programmer how to use a software library or telling a consumer how to operate a television remote control. The process of planning in technical writing: Audience : Is the audience composed of people in home kitchens or highly trained chefs in professional kitchens? Source : Is there existing documentation—a rough draft? Who is the subject matter expert (SME)? Deliverable : Is the deliverable simple text for inclusion in a book, or formatted to final form? Is the target a paper, a Web page, or something else?

Sentences can also be classified based on their purpose: A declarative sentence or declaration , the most common type, commonly makes a statement: I am going home. An interrogative sentence or question is commonly used to request information — When are you going to work? — but sometimes not; see rhetorical question. An exclamatory sentence or exclamation is generally a more emphatic form of statement expressing emotion: What a wonderful day this is! An imperative sentence or command tells someone to do something: Go to work at 7:30 tomorrow morning. The basic units of a sentence or parts of speech: Nouns : words that name persons, places, things, or ideas Pronouns : words that stand in for a noun Verbs : words that express action or state of being Adjectives : words that describe nouns or pronouns Adverbs : words that describe verbs Prepositions : words that connect a noun and its modifiers to another component of the sentence Conjunctions : words that join nouns...

Here are some essential rules to prepare an effective CV: Make sure you give your contact particulars encompassing your e-mail id, phone number and address. In a CV, a job objective serves the purpose. It is a crisp and concise line at the top of the CV which states your career goal. It is advisable to write a paragraph containing the summary of the entire resume. The work experience section includes the name of the company, designation and its time frame. Educational details with the year of completion must be mentioned accurately. Honors and Awards section includes relevant academic recognitions to add extra zing to the CV. Reference section is not obligatory. If included, it can say " available upon request. " Importance of sending a cover letter with the CV: Some hiring managers only read the covering letter, so if there isn't one you're out; The CV covering letter allows you to express your interest in a precise and targeted way; Recruitment adver...

The purpose of business writing be classified as Electronic Nonverbal Physical Presentation Verbal Diversity International The characteristics of effective writing: Convincing Comprehensible Easy to read Interesting throughout Exhibits a clear voice May impact the reader emotionally

Negotiation is a dialogue intended to resolve disputes, to produce an agreement upon courses of action, to bargain for individual or collective advantage, or to craft outcomes to satisfy various interests. It is the primary method of alternative dispute resolution. The stages in the negotiation process: Prepare : Know what you want. Understand them. Open : Put your case. Hear theirs. Argue : Support your case. Expose theirs. Explore : Seek understanding and possibility. Signal : Indicate your readiness to work together. Package : Assemble potential trades. Close : Reach final agreement. Sustain : Make sure what is agreed happens.

The advantages of group: Greater output Cross fertilisation Reduced bias Increased risk taking Higher commitment Improved communication Better solutions As a professional in the working world, there will be times when you will be required to participate in group discussions. This section offers helpful articles analyzing the rules for success in group discussions. Your career and status within your field can improve if you learn some guidelines and tactics that refine your group discussion skills. If you have trouble speaking out of turn, interrupting others or a lack of confidence about properly expressing yourself, the techniques about handling yourself in a group discussion can be invaluable. This is helpful advice for any individual working with other people in any industry. Discussing ideas in a group is one of the best ways to solve the problem. When a person becomes a burden in group discussions due to lack of experience, an excess amount of excitement or a gener...

A meeting can be planned by: preparation facilitation inspiration results The factors to keep in mind while planning a meeting: Preparation means making sure your meeting has a clear, stated purpose, and an agenda. Participants are chosen carefully, invited in professional way and given sufficient prior information. Preparation also means attention to details including: room bookings, catering, a/v equipment, reminders. Facilitation means that someone or a team is responsible for guiding the meeting, a plan for the meeting is reflected in the agenda and the facilitator (or chair) keeps things on time and on track. Inspiration is probably the most overlooked aspect of everyday meetings. All the attention to detail and process can push the opportunity for spontaneity and enthusiasm aside. Build in activites that engage participants, use strategies to generate discussion, or visual aids to grab attention. Results means that every meeting should be directed toward one or more ...

The 5 principles of effective presentation: The principle of clear structure. Your communication should have a clear beginning, middle and end. The principle of multimedia. Your audience will remember better and longer if there are multiple stimuli. The principle of two-way communication. Your communication will be more effective if your audience have an opportunity to participate actively. The principle of cultural sensitivity. Remember and pay attention to the sensitivities of your audience. The principle of memory. People tend to remember the information they heard last (and forget what was said at the beginning of the talk).

Listening, which is actually a skill. By being able to listen, we are able to effectively make sense of what another person is saying. It greatly enhances our understanding and our overall abilities in life. It can also be vital in determining such vital perks as career promotion and generally opening doors that might otherwise not open to us. The four different types or levels are: Cliches. Facts. Thoughts and beliefs. Feelings and emotions. The factors that can make listening ineffective: Assuming a topic will be boring Allowing the speaker's voice or mannerisms to overpower the message Poor concentration Poor comprehension Passive listening

Types of Communication: Based on Communication Channels Verbal Communication Nonverbal Communication Based on Style and Purpose Formal Communication Informal Communication Advantages: It is systematic and orderly flow of ideas. the source of communication can be easily located. It provides support to authority of supervisor over subordinate. It facilitates control. Disadvantages: It is slow moving since it flows through the scalar chain of command. It is impersonal i.e. personal warmth and involvement are lacking. sometimes accurate information may be with held due to likelihood of unfavourable effects or to avoid criticism.